Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 710 Words

On August 28, 1963, the civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. He delivered his speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom where he called for an end to racism in the United States, and civil and economic rights for all. He presented his speech to over 250,000 people on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., and he delivered a defining moment of the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. intended for his speech to gain support for the Civil Rights Movement. As a Civil Rights leader, he spread awareness about the injustices the black individuals experienced, as well as gained supporters of the movement. His audience was the 250,000 people who went to the†¦show more content†¦He continually said â€Å"one hundred years later† and by doing this, he demonstrated how although black individuals have been freed from slavery for this amount of time, they still have not received a ll of the liberties they deserve. In addition, by repeatedly saying â€Å"we refuse to believe,† it is further empowered the audience to fight against the injustices. King’s use of metaphors further emphasized the emotional responses in the audience. The metaphors of a â€Å"thirst for freedom†and â€Å"battered by the storms of persecution† emphasized the urgency of the movement, and how blacks needed to experience equality as soon as possible. King established a logical argument by emphasizing that black individuals should not hate white individuals, but rather they should work together. He emphasized that to fully experience freedom, the blacks needed the support of white people. He used anaphora, specifically â€Å"we cannot† to emphasize this point. â€Å"We cannot walk alone,† (King). In addition, King discussed some of the hardships black individuals have experienced, such as police brutality, to further emphasize that equality is ur gent. He used anaphora to do this. â€Å"We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (King). Throughout King’s speech, several motifs were prevalent and empowered the message of urgency and equality. King frequently used climatic references in his speech, such as â€Å"...now isShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three rhetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experiencing segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountains, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to support his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of America’s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authorityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1061 Words   |  5 Pagesleader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is widely known for his speech that took place on 28 August 1963, â€Å"I Have a Dream.† This speech aimed toward the entire nation. King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice and for them all to stand up together for their rights. In this speech, King uses emotional and logical appeal to gain the audiences support. He applied many rhetorical devices to his speech to connect with the audience’s emotions, and to logicallyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech900 Words   |  4 PagesThe speaker of this essay that I will be writing about is Martin Luther King Jr. He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia at his family house. He was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Ri ghts Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great American, worked for civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. He became so popular and well liked that he was hated just as intensely by those who disagreed with theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership throughout the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech768 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Lim CU English 9/29/17 P:2 Using a variety of rhetorical devices, Martin Luther King Jr’s purpose of his â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† takes a huge step for black americans by voicing the opinions of the people in a civil, non violent manner. He’s a role model for future activists to present the point clearly without hostility or anger, but with a firm tone and many of rhetorical devices. Dr. King gives the speech to help his cause of nonviolent activism against segregation and in favor of civilRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United States, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and orally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1018 Words   |  5 PagesI Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Cruelty, inequality, death, sorrow, misery. All words to be associated with the hardships Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. passionately describes in his I Have A Dream speech. King, an activist and civil rights leader gave an empowering speech on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Millions of hearts were touched and inspired to fight for their rights(â€Å"American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King Jr.†). This speech is aimed towards every race in a different specific

History and Theory Essay - 973 Words

History and Theory The viewpoints if Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have similarities and differences. Both have made significant contribution to the psychology field. The theories from Freud and Rogers are still used in modern psychology. Freud is best known for creating psychoanalysis and Rogers is renowned for developing the person-centered therapy. The subject of this paper pertains to Freud’s and Rogers’ views of their respective theories, how different their theories would be if they were alive today, and how social and cultural factors influenced the development of their respective theories of personality. Sigmund Freuds Views Freud’s psychoanalysis is a system of therapeutic treatments and interpretations for†¦show more content†¦He believed people learn to grow toward self-actualization during their entire life span. Rogers viewed this concept as counseling instead of psychotherapy. Rogers did not believe the idea about the therapist and client as a patient-doctor relationship. He believed that the relationship was person-to-person because he viewed the idea as the therapist talking with the client, not the client doing the majority of the talking (Cooper McLeod, 2011). Rogers preferred to use the term â€Å"client† instead of â€Å"patient† because he related the term â€Å"patient† to an individual that is sick or has an illness. Roger’s theory was based on his insight into the human condition (Cervone Pervin, 2010). The person-centered theory is also referred to as the client-centered theory. It is presently a popular theory for thera py and counseling. Rogers believed in clients helping themselves so that they could empower themselves with a self-actualizing motive to improve their lives. He did not believe in the concept of treating people as patients that had mental issues and needed to be diagnosed. His ideas continue to be relevant in modern psychology (Cervone Pervin, 2010). Effect of Freuds and Rogers Theories on Todays Practices Person-centered theory and psychoanalysis have a strong influence on today’s practices in the psychology field. They are both still used in counseling and therapy. Freud’s and Rogers’Show MoreRelatedA Short History of Progress2404 Words   |  10 Pagesthen, matters would have been much better if the innovation had never been implemented. In his book, â€Å"A Short History of Progress,† he alludes to history by citing examples of past civilizations that collapsed after prospering, and ones that had longevity because they avoided the perilous progress trap. Wright recommends that societies of today should use indispensable resources, such as history, to learn and apply the reasons as to why certain societies succeeded, while also avoiding falling into theRead MoreThe History of Cell Theory961 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Cell Theory As we all probably know today, every single living being is made up by cells Ââ€" the building blocks of life. As much as we would like to take this fact for granted, we cannot help but acknowledge and remember the works and discoveries of earlier scientists which all contributed to our todays understanding of the cell theory. The cell theory being; all living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are organisms basic units of structure and function, and cellsRead MoreEssay about Objectivity In History2118 Words   |  9 PagesObjectivity in History First exposure to history, whether it be at home or at school, will almost certainly be at an age when the child can do no other than expect to be told the truth. So, from the very beginning, whether we find history dull or exciting, easy or hard, we do at least assume that we are being given an accurate account of the past. Our subsequent growing up can be seen as a process of progressively shedding the literal beliefs of early life, from Father Christmas and EasterRead More History and Theory Essays1023 Words   |  5 PagesHistory and Theory The world is full of magical realism. Magical Realism may just become a word that people thought of in the 1930s; however, magical realism has been here for as long as the people have been able to tell and write stories. Whether the stories are true or made up, they are all magical realism. The first author who started associating the words of magical realism to out was a German art critic, by the name of Franz Roh. Roh considered magical realism an art category. It representedRead MoreHistory And Theories Of Counseling827 Words   |  4 Pagesimportantly, their biases and their prejudices (Sue Sue, 2016). Because of the complexity of working with populations from diverse backgrounds, a broad range of counseling theories and research is needed. Impact of History and Theories of Counseling Cultural blindness still plagues the counseling profession because a lack of a theory on cultural oppression and its relationship to the development of world views. Counselors tend to respond according to their own conditioned values, assumptions, andRead MoreThe History of Dream Theory1927 Words   |  8 PagesThe History of Dream Theory 1 DREAM THEORY Your Name Your School Your Class Your Teachers Name The History of Dream Theory 2 Abstract Dreams are the language of a persons subconscious mind. Therefore, taking the opportunity to understand them can lead to great enrichment. This paper demonstrates the similarities and differences between Freud and Jungs idea on dream theory. It illustrates Freuds belief that analyzing dreams could give the interpreter substantial informationRead MoreHistory And Theories Of Grief1622 Words   |  7 Pages 1 Bereaved Parents Chen Yue Guo History and Theories of Grief Toronto Art Therapy Institute April 20, 2017 Instructor: Claudia McKnight 2 â€Å"The hardest thing that I have ever had to hear was that my child died. The hardest thing that I have ever done is to live everyday since that moment.† This is a famous quote that emphasizes the feelings of parents who have lost a child. It is frequently said thatRead MoreThe Theory Of History And Division Of Labor1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theory of History Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim are the great sociologists in this world; they give us many thoughts about the social theory and let us to learn how the society is. They both had described a theory of human history and division of labor. Despite some differences, Marx and Durkheim have concentrated on the emergence of modern capitalism especially with the rise of the modern system of division of labor and the evolution of market society. Their methods are developed through theRead MoreHistory of Management Theory Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THEORY History of Management Theory Troy Thompson 5409 Foxglove Drive, Bossier City, LA 71112 318-918-7413 Troythompson98@yahoo.com MSM 500 May 21, 2010 Class Instructor: Dr. David Bouvin Ellis University Introduction People and processes are the main elements under management purview, and it is interesting to learn how managerial philosophy pertaining to these two elements has evolved from the Industrial Revolution throughout theRead MoreMontessori : History And Developmental Theory1043 Words   |  5 PagesMontessori - History and Developmental Theory Kelsie Nesbitt Georgian College Abstract This paper will explore Maria Montessori and her theories on early childhood education. Using information that I find online and through the Introduction to ECE textbook, I will create an organized research report describing how and why Maria Montessori has had such a huge impact on early childhood education today. After furthering my knowledge with research on Maria Montessori, I will apply her theory and philosophy

Vilance N The Book Enders Game Essay Example For Students

Vilance N The Book Enders Game Essay The book starts off with Ender getting his monitor off. A monitor is something that they but on the back of these peoples necks to see if they are a good candidate to be a general to fight the buggers. The buggers are aliens. Well, since he is not monitored anymore people who have always wanted to fight him can now fight them. He ends up winning all of the fights and he goes home. As it turns out taking off his monitor was a test to see how he would handle people that fight him. A general then explains that he want to send Ender to battle school so he can learn how to fight in space. Ender decides to go. When he gets there he finds out that it is very tough. He ends up killing 2 kids and breaking count less numbers of bones in the 4 years that he is there. While he is there he plays a virtual reality game. When he beats the game the computer makes up a place called the end of the world. There are some very disturbing things here. Eventually Ender graduates battle school (2 years earl ier that anybody has ever graduated, hes a genius.) He then goes to command school were he learns how to control fleets of star ships. They put him in a simulator and he is given many missions to fly. Then one day his inspectors say that today is his final mission before they grade him. He up agents a whole planet and a vast number of ships. He ends up winning by using a secret weapon on the planet that blows it up. When he finishes the battle he realizes that everyone is cheering behind him. When he asks why they tell him that all of his missions were real ones against the buggers and that he had just destroyed all of the buggers. My favorite character in this book is Ender. He is my favorite character for many reasons. One reason is that he is really smart. He has a photographic memory and he has a 200 IQ. He also could out smart adults when he was 5. Another reason why I like him is because he likes to play video games. He says that they make him even smarter. Another reasons why I like Ender is because he doesnt let people take advantage of him. My least favorite character in this book would have to be Peter Wiggin. I despise him for a few reasons. First off because he is a jerk. He always beats up Ender and Valentine. He does this because he always needs to be in control. Another reason why I dont like peter is because he is just as smart as Ender but he uses his smarts for evil purposes. He once skinned a squirrel with out killing it so he could watch it die. Another reason why I dont like him is because even after Ender saves the world he still doesnt give Ender any respect. My favorite part in this book is when Ender defeats the buggers. This is my favorite part for 3 reasons. One, because the buggers have been destroying mankind since the year 2034. Two, Because they are ruthless killers. Finally because they have been abducting humans since 1940. They would freeze them in tubs or cut them open. My least favorite part in this book is when they take th e monitor off Ender. I dislike this part for a few reasons. First off is because it is a very painful process. It has been in the back of kids necks since they were 4 and they are taking it out when they are 6. They end up having to knock him out in order to remove it. Another reasons is because after he gets the monitor taken off he gets beat up. Another reasons is because everyone hates Ender because when they take off your monitor that means you didnt make it to the battle school when infact he did make it. 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Religious Fundamentalism and Its Effect on Society an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Religious Fundamentalism and Its Effect on Society 1. Introduction This paper seeks to discuss liberal interpretations of the Scripture (Bible, Koran, Torah, etc.) that have been used to support prejudice, justify slavery, sexism, war, ban textbooks and deny the rights of gays and lesbians. This paper takes the position that fundamentalism is a form of oppression that is driven by the need for a man to control and manipulate for power and that this goes against the true meaning of the Scriptures. The existence of 10 commandments throughout most Scriptures could provide evidence of existence of religious fundamentalism among significant religions. Need essay sample on "Religious Fundamentalism and Its Effect on Society" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay online? Specialists propose: Best Student Essay Writing Company Cheap Essay Writing Collage Papers For Sale Essay Paper Writing Service 2. Analysis and Discussion Although it may be argued that a great number of experts and analysts refer to the rise of Islamic terrorism as a new phenomenon, to be more deadly and more simple-minded than the more traditional terrorism associated with separatist and nationalist movements, still others may term the Islamists as if they are some inexplicable and incomprehensible people with suicidal tendencies as the same people make no demands and take no credit for their acts of terror (Mattil, n.d.). Mattil (n.d.) however noted the lack of monopoly of the Islamist behavior when he pointed out the surprising similarities between Islamic, Christian and Jewish fundamentalists. He argued that religious fundamentalists often share some common traits and motivations with secular dissidents engaged in political violence. He inferred as result that perhaps the most alarming situation is the convergence of fundamentalist interests and the potential for a global holy war. As this paper takes the position that fundamentalism is a form of oppression that is driven by the need for a man to control and manipulate for power, this paper believed these religious fundamentalists must be motivated by common emotion which is behind that manipulative need for power. Such emotion is called fear.Winston Churchill has warned that people have not to fear but fear itselg. These words appear to match with sweeping political accuracy with what is happening now. Mattil (n.d.) argued that fear was the only motivating factor behind political violence as fear comes out as the reason given by people why they have, kill or die for a cause. Mattil (n.d.) further argued that religious fundamentalists get united by their fears.He explained that whether these fundamentalists are Christians, Muslims or Jews, fear is the common denominator. As to what they actually fear varies. It could be fear of change or modernization and loss of influence. The same people may also fear the young will abandon the churches, mosques and synagogues for physical and material gratification. In other aspects fear could extend to fearing the influence of mass media, and its ability to undermine the young with different form of entertaining arts in the form of song, dance, fashion, alcohol , drugs, sex and even freedom itself. In short there is fear about the loss of control in the future about the members of their group. These fears are believed to be common among traditionalist Muslims as they are with traditionalist Jews and Christians. Thus one could hear the same concerns about moral decay, decadence, and the influence of the wicked. It is this area of peoples lives that there are indeed evils taught to them by their religious leaders. Since fears resonate loudest among those people who are poor or are lacking hope due to frustration from political and economic systems which they could hardly understand or control, religion will provide the meaning and it assures them hope if not materially at least for future salvation. Thus it should not be surprising for the observant-type of people to understand that fear does make connection for the many nationalist, separatist and independence movements as hey end up in political violence. Mattil (n.d.) believed that although experts, academics and analysts hypothesize about a multitude of causal effects that will produce violence, the thing that is not seen yet could completely explain things is that fear is the underlying motivator. Mattil (n.d.) further argued that core characteristics of social beings which include common values, religion, culture, language, and tradition for them to survive and prosper as group create the bonding when they fear something especially loss of survival. In these peoples attempt to change the situation, they could do many things like exaggerating the threats so that bonding gets harder and more meaningful to move them under a common cause, which will finally end up with their religion which gets twisted when people have no other hope but their beliefs. Mattil (n.d.) cited as examples the case of Northern Ireland conflict where both sides fear changes that will erode their nationality, language or culture or with it their economic opportunity. He noted similar motivations in Palestine and Israel and among the Kurds of Turkey, Iraq and Iran. What then is the connection of group of people fearing something with religious fundamentalism? Fundamentalism gets born as these groups fearing many things will have to unify themselves under a common solution or a divine truth.Mattil (n.d.) then argued that a movement cannot willfully and openly admit its fears for doing so would mean admitting weakness and despair. The result instead was to develop a positive political or theological proposition and agenda. Thus one could now see the creation of religious fundamentalism as driven by fear, under a unique version of a revealed Truth for each religion to see the reason for complete participation. Since truths cannot be temporal, thus the belief must inerrant. Gods word becomes the perfect way to justify the proposition. Thus the Bible, the Koran and Torah could have similarities under the proposition. Hence parts if not all of the Ten Commandments from the Book of Exodus could have similar or equivalent version in the Koran (Arshed, 2003) and the Torah. This fear necessitates an enemy which could be the devil, rival church, religious liberals, God-denying communists, or some other incarnation of evil. The resulting irrational religious anger demands a target, hence the need for an enemy (Spong, 1992). Because of the fear of eternal damnation that has characterized believers of religious fundamentalism, the true meaning of the Scriptures which is brotherhood to all men is sacrificed at the altar of the need to manipulate and control others for the sake of trying to preserve or prevent the evolution of human intellect into higher realms of spirituality. The newly discovered truth as far as these religious groups are concerned is that they need to justify many things for their survival. The first one is that religious fundamentalism has justified slavery. The bible was used to justify owning slaves and biblical writings were resorted to promote and justify the slavery institution (Mathza, 2007). The second instance is that religious fundamentalism has justified sexism. Since sexism may be taken to mean any discriminatory or abusive behavior against the opposite sex the fact the women is equated to evil because they are not allowed to assume major part of church activities. Women would also be blamed if the men have done something wrong because of strong religious belief that only women are evil (Spong, 1992). On this basis it could be inferred that religion was created by men and those women are to remain as subjects of men in religion. This is evident in the Catholic faith were women cannot become priest. If these women want to serve in their faith they just become nuns but they will obey priest because that is what religion has taught them. This is glaring evidence that sexism is justified by religious fundamentalism. As to justification of war, the attack of terrorists as done by members of Islamic world, it could be argued that the religious fundamentalism is the culprit. On the other hand if the attack of the US on Iraq is considered a war, then religious fundamentalism has indeed justified war hiding under the wardrobe of political democracy. Religious fundamentalism has justified banning of textbooks. For some Islamic countries which ban the bible, the same countries may be considered to have banned text books also related to biblical literature. Religious fundamentalism has justified denial of the rights of gays and lesbian in a number of occasions. To cite proof Kili and Uncu (1998) asserted homosexuality is prohibited with Islamic law. They authors cited the basis for such practice under the Koran which talks about the tribe of Lur, in which men had sex with men. In that event these men having sex with their kind are punished for the transgression by way of Allah sending stones that had rained down on them from the sky. By such teachings, Turkish children are brought to have religious faith that lesbians and gay men are sinners. This is the reason why homosexuality is seen as threat to the family and by extension to society as a whole (Kili and Uncu, 1998). 3. Conclusion This paper has demonstrated clearly that religious fundamentalism is a form of oppression that is driven by the need for a man to control and manipulate for power and which is basically rooted in fear. It was in seeking the solution towards the truth that religious fundamentalism was born but this paper believes that the same is still against the true spirit of Scriptures because the deeper meaning of which is charity and brotherhood to all then regardless of religious affiliation. Until religious groups practicing fundamentalism will see this reality, the manipulation for power is bound to continue. References: Arshed (2003), Islam Supports Bibles TEN Commandments, {www document} URL, http://www.islam101.com/religions/TenCommandments/tcQuran.htm, Accessed April 30, 2008 Kili and Uncu (1998), Turkey Country Report Mathza (2007) Extreme Islamic Fundamentalism Mattil, James (n.d.) What in the Name of God? Religious Fundamentalism, Fear & Terrorism Spong (1992),Rescuing the Bible from Fundamentalism, Harper One

The Right to live and Die Chicano Movement

The Right to live and Die Chicano Movement Introduction: The Long Journey to Freedom One of the most striking events in the world history, the Chicano Movement heralded the beginning of the new epoch – the era of the equal rights for both the Native Americans and the Latin Americans. However, like any other journey, this one was rather complicated and filled with all possible obstacles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right to live and Die: Chicano Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the struggle for rights was one of the noblest aims that could cause the fight, there was a considerable element of controversy that posed danger to the solidarity of the members. A perfect specimen of how the wind of changes broke those whose spirit was weak enough, Mama Chona is a real study on hypocrisy and faithfulness, the family devotion and slyness, cunning and at the same time wise as she was. Could she be depicted as deplorable? Hardly anyone co uld agree to such characteristics; yet there was that certain something about her that did not let her stay noble. As the world around is ruined, and the people you used to know become complete strangers, there is only one way out, which is ignoring the faults and the weaknesses of the family. The resort of all those in despair, this is a sweet consolation indeed. Mamma Chona and Her Religion: Searching for the Answers It is quite peculiar that in her life, the religious issues and the family life were so closely intertwined. It could be assumed that the beliefs of the family members were a model of their relationships. What is supposed to be the secret between the Lord and a mere mortal, the daily prayers turned into the means to escape from the cruel reality. Perhaps, it was the inner strength that the religion, that is, the belief and the daily prayers, gave to Mamma Chona – if anything could be considered as strength in her case. Was that the miracle of the belief that th e Bible tells people so much about? Or, perhaps, the secret chord that rendered the very soul of Mamma Chona and helped her to stay strong and determined despite all that happened around her, the world ruining, and the people fading away like the morning dew? Hardly anyone knows. Tracking the life of the woman, one could lift the veil of mystery about the family, the religion and the Chicano movement intertwined.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Sin of Cheating Is there a grater sin than keeping silence when there is something wrong happening? Although Miguel Grande cannot be considered as a positive character anyway, the way Mama Chona behaves might seem even more repulsive. Concealing the mischief and cheating of her son, she becomes his ally and at the same time his traitor – for she does not help him to find the way to the decent life. Bringing him up and raisin him as a family tyrant Mama Chona is not able to mend the broken relationships between her son and her daughter-in-law; she is not able to do practically anything. â€Å"He did not like to speak directly to the Mexican women Juanita and his sisters took on to help him with the household chores† (Islas 3), which means that the man possessed rather cowardly traits of character; yet he demonstrated his dominance over the wife – isn’t that the sign of weakness? Her son, a cheater – could there be a greater insult to a mother. However, it is quite peculiar that Mama Chona tries to close her eyes on the facts and pretend that the family is as strong and glued together as ever. Like a house on a rotten foundation, the family is falling apart, yet Mama Chona is trying to put the pieces together, pretending that everything is going to be fine. Standing at the Beginning Leading Mama Chona through the miseries of her life straight to the quiet religious haven, her b eliefs make her survive the shocking truth about her family, namely, her children. Supported by the beliefs and ideas of hers, Mama Chona proves almost invulnerable to the tragedies that she suffers. However, it seems that the religion of Mamma Chona is not the mysterious Rain God. Looking closer at her life and at the world that revolved around her, one can see distinctly that this was the family that was the essence of the woman’s life. The very first lines of the novel expose Mama Chona’s secret to the reader: A photograph of Mama Chona and her grandson Miguel Angel – Miguel Chico or Mickie to his family – hovers above his head on the study wall beside the glass doors that open out into the garden (Islas 3)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right to live and Die: Chicano Movement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The controversy of the Chicano movement and the political ideas that und erlay it are shown through depicting the family life of Mama Chona, which is quite peculiar. This is one of few attempts to intertwine the family and the politics – and, it must be admitted, one of the most successful ones. Exposing the weaknesses of Mama Chona to the public and yet emphasizing certain strong points that she possessed, Islas made quite a portrait of the Chicano movement. Just as lame and uncertain as the ideas of Mama Chona were, it was basically grounded on a single pillar – the power of tradition; like many other political manifestations, it was full of controversy. However, there is that certain something that makes Mama Chona – and the Latin American movement – somewhat stronger – that is the incredible, truly Latin, pride. Religion as a Way Out Has anyone ever mixed the politics and the religion? That should be something truly incredible. What strikes most about the story is that the political turmoil and the mixture of ideas is the exact reprint of the religious situation in Mama Chona’s family. Surprisingly, there is very little that keeps the family members together in terms of the spirituality. Although one of the key ideas of religion is to bring people together, the members of the little society of Mama Chona are detached from each other – or, it would be better to say, scattered asides with their religious beliefs. It is quite remarkable that the idea of belief is what the entire novel is pierced through with. Even without mentioning the religious issues directly, Islas points at the complicated religious situation in the family of Mama Chona. There is always a word or phrase connected with belief or trust in the book – or, rather, with the loss of the one: â€Å"The loss of his promotion was to be a shock for Miguel Grande, and he is said to have lost faith in what he believed in all his life about the country† (Calderon 124) Conclusion: Taking a Retrospective on the E vents It seems that the religious atmosphere in the family reprinted the events that occurred in the society. With all things changing their usual places, people were trying hard to keep their lives running the way they sued to, yet they failed, which led to disappointments. Perhaps, if their belief were strong enough, they could have succeeded, yet, like Mama Chona and her family, they failed to find the Rain God that could keep them together. Painful and hard to bear, this is the price of the change. Calderon, Hector and Jose David Salvador. Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in  Chicano Literature, Culture, and Ideology. New York, NY: Duke University Press, 1991. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Islas, Arturo. Rain God. New York City, NY: Harper Perennial, 1991. Print.

Why Females Join Gangs Essay Example

Why Females Join Gangs Essay Example Why Females Join Gangs Essay Why Females Join Gangs Essay Why Females Join Gangs Female gang involvement has been on the rise throughout the decades. Deciding to become a gang member is a huge step for any girl or woman to take. There is no one specific reason, but instead several different motivating factors for females to join gangs. These factors include economic stresses, family stress, and a need to belong. Gender differences play a role in the urban environment and female victimization, young females turns to gangs in response to family and community violence victimization rather than a learned normalized behavior. Understanding the easons why females Join gangs in the first place will cause a better understanding of female gang involvement as a whole. This paper will discuss the contextual factors that motivate girls to Join a gang; the extent of the girls criminal behavior; and the physical, sexual, and psychological abuses the girls experience from other gang members. Female gang membership has increased in the recent years, with 29. 9% of girls claiming membership in high risk, high crime neighborhoods in 2008, and leading the National Counsel on Crime and Delinquency to rank young females as the fastest rowing offenders in national unevenly Justice population in 2009. Studies show the reason for female membership in gangs is due to pro-violent attitudes, physical abuse, abandonment and emotional abuse by caretakers. Gang involvement maybe a learned behavior situated in the context of childhood exposures to violence. In the inner cities of America a Job shortage took place in the eighties a nd early nineties, it was hard for the youths to find employment. This led to the establishment of a very productive underground economy. According to Moore, the flourishing underground economy attracted gangs and increased gang membership. With the loss of Jobs and changes to the welfare system made it very difficult for inner city members to provide for their families. This was a hard time for women especially pregnant women. For these individuals gangs were seen as positive organizations that benefited the struggling community. According to Moore, gangs offered resources and protection to community members, more specifically females who feared their neighborhood. The struggling economy and inability to find a Job made gang life very attractive to both males and females. Economic stress often translated into a strain on family life. It may seem unreal that young girls would put themselves in a situation that involves such a high rate of risk. Most female gang involvement come from broken homes, where they have previously been a victim of a crime. In 1998, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency performed a study on young girls in the California juvenile Justice system to gain information on victimization before becoming a juvenile offender. Out of all the females interviewed 92% said that they had been abused emotionally, physically, or sexually before becoming a Juvenile offender. Although a majority of girls are abused before Joining a gang, there are also many hat participate in gang activities for other reasons. There are four elements discussed by Archer and Grascia (2006) that are typical characteristics of individuals who are most likely to become delinquent and then possibly become part of a gang. The four elements include attachment to family, peers, commitment to society, involvement in traditional activities such as going to school or work and belief in moral values. The following factors affecting female gang membership branch off these four key elements. A relationship a young women has with friends and male gang members seems to e the greatest factor of female gang involvement. Protection that membership offer women may be another reason why females become part of gangs. Young women value this protection because they may feel threatened by rival gang members or other non-gang men in the environment (Miller, 1998). By entering a gang females feel that they will gain respect from others such as their parents and rival peers. In the oxford reading a finding by Wang, stated that whereas more males Join gangs to make money, females are more likely to become associated with a gang for emotional support. This statement was contradicted by Walker-Barnes and Mason in 001, who found that an influence for females to Join a gang is the possibility of committing illegal activities that could lead to money-making opportunities. It was also found that the idea of these activities as exciting and providing adventure could be another factor for influencing females to affiliate with gangs Walker-Barnes Mason. The study that Walker-Barnes and Mason did found that many of the female reported that belonging to a gang made them feel important and good about themselves, built up their self-confidence, and allowed them to experience what it is like to be part of something important. Female gang members tries to make the gang their replacement family and often times see gang membership as fun. Some females even Join gangs for friendship or fun. Females may also Join gangs to escape from hostile home environments caused by poverty, abuse, or low parental involvement. A lot of female gang members has been sexually abused at home and may Join gangs to obtain protection from the abusive families. Female gang members wants attention from their parents, Joining a gangs is a way for them to gain attention even if its in a negative way. Adverse childhood experiences affect gang involvement. The violence and abuses that female gang members encounter inside their home, in the of interparental violence or physical or sexual childhood abuse and outside the home, in a form of community gang violence has showed to be a pervasive and inescapable context. Many of the women explicitly reflected upon a casual relationship between early childhood abuse or neglect experiences and gang membership Another point made is some females may think that becoming a member of a gang will actually give them the opportunity to demonstrate violent behavioral actions they may have learned from home according to Archer Grascia. For example, female gang members are more likely than male gang members to have come from a home that contained drug use and family members that have been arrested for crimes according to Moore. A study was done on 15 young females that lives in a residential treatment, they where interviewed about gang involvement. The structure of the interview was developed from Quickers social structural view of female Juvenile delinquency, which proposes the examination of macro level and exolevel issues as well as micro level issues. One out of the 15 who were interviewed stated Basically, I was born into the gang. My mother and stepfather were leaders in the gang, and I was always there. For my first birthday I got a tattoo on my arm that says Crips. Ill be one of them till I die. Most girls arent born into the gang, usually they start hangin with us at around nine or 10. Another was interviewed she was asked her reason for Joining a gang. She replied, with two answers belonging to a family and the feeling of power. My gang is my family; Im accepted, and I know I can always count on them. My family (gang) makes me feel like Im a somebody. When were hanging, people respect me. Conflict with and ambivalence toward the family of origin are aspects of normal adolescent development according to Erikson and Molidor. The teenager feels tense and anxious in the presence of the parents and feels safe only when apart from them. Instead of admitting any dependence and love, they take an attitude that is exactly the opposite according to Freud. The healthy teenager struggles with the issues surrounding individuation and separation and slowly develops a more individual sense of self apart from the family. Becoming a young female teenager in America can be a characteristic that nfluences young females to become apart of a gang. According to Wang the want or/ and need of experiencing adult roles, the security of having a specific status and identity, and the innate response to defy parents and/or people in authority may be seen as potentially influencing a young women into a gang. Most have been victims of violence and sexual abuse from parents and relatives since early childhood. They have been victims of poor economic conditions and the cycle of poverty and of overburdened and understaffed school systems that have failed to recognize them as at risk.

The Graduate Degree Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Graduate Degree Plan - Essay Example sh self-worth, and form basic moral values, it is quite essential that each child is well nurtured in all aspects of life, receiving ample nourishment, and proper discipline I have loved working with little children since I was their age myself and there are several notable traits that kids exhibit during early childhood formation. In my own observation, they are generally capable at adapting to environmental influences which are a huge contributing factor to the way they perceive both concrete and abstract matter as well as the behavior these young individuals carry out in response. It is particularly interesting to find out that majority of them, when adequately facilitated, can broadly execute around indispensable attributes as confidence, reliability, resourcefulness, intelligence, creativity, and friendliness or sociability. I find it further stimulating to see them vigorously go after a primary talent or inclination, and show ease of feeling affection or compassion by nature. To help impart my personal specialization in this endeavor, hence, I have decided to acquire admission to a graduate degree program that would serve my profound need of learning how to improve on handling children under such cognitive stage of development. Equivalently, this is to anticipate taking up major courses concerned with guiding a childs insights toward physical, mental, emotional, as well as social progress. Fervently believing that the present little ones would be the futures absolute hope, I would in every inch make it a point to foster for them an atmosphere in which they would enjoy learning to the full measure as they possess complete freedom to express themselves competitively yet interdependently within a global

Does increasing nurse-patient ratio increase in hospital patient Research Paper

Does increasing nurse-patient ratio increase in hospital patient mortality - Research Paper Example The issue of high nurse-patient rations will continue to affect the delivery of healthcare services across the U.S (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Additionally, the nursing shortage in the USA is expected to grow to 260,000 registered nursing staff by the year 2025. A shortage of this degree will be double that experienced in the past, in the US since the 1960s. Relating the case of nurse shortage in the U.S, one of the developed nations of the world, the case has not been any different for less developed nations like Taiwan. In Taiwan, a high number of hospitals are facing the problem of low nurse-staffing. The case has been very acute in recent years, leading to the closure of a number of wards at given hospitals, according to the statistics drawn from a study by the National union of Nurses’ association (Central News Agency, 2011). Research studies on hospitals and healthcare centers show that institutions with inadequate nursing personnel show poorer patient outcomes, which compromises the care administered to patients. Decreased nurse staffing was linked to patient safety concerns and the increased incidence of adverse situations like the development of pneumonia, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Lichtig, Knauf & Milholland, 1999), patient mortality (Aiken et al., 2002), medication errors (McGills-Hall, Doran & Pink, 2004), unplanned extubation cases (Marcin et al., 2005) and longer length of stay on average (Pronovost et al., 1999). Blegen and Vaughn (1998) discussed that, with a higher proportion of the service hours offered by registered nurses (RNs), there was a resultant decrease in the average length of stay (ALOS), cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, UTIs, medication errors and patient complaints, pressure ulcers, and pneumonia and cardiac arrests or shock with failure to rescue. Towards addressing the nurse shortage, the government has adopted a potential payment model to address the increasing medical expenditures. This has been affected through the imposition of measures like, the restructure of the operations of the hospitals facing financial pressure. This encompasses the adoption of strategies like the hiring of unlicensed assistant nurses or casual nurses, who are paid lower amounts as compared to the RNs, and can fill the service gaps (Sun et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it is challenging to improve nursing staff levels, even after the replacement of registered nurses with the less costly personnel. The factors leading to the unsolvable nature of the situation include the gap between the numbers of available vacancies and the number of qualified registered nurses, willing to fill these vacancies, the working conditions, the nurse burnout resulting from the shortage and low job satisfaction levels (Yin & Yang, 2002). Another issue heightening the nursin g shortage is the abandonment of the nursing profession due to increased involvement in extra-patient care services like nursing informatics and utilization management. This is evident from a recent study, which showed an average vacancy level of 28% in Taiwan (Sun et al., 2005). In Taiwan, there is also legislation requiring a minimum nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:8 at hospitals. However, this minimum ratio was

Society In Philippiness Essay Example for Free

Society In Philippiness Essay When we were human beings in small tribe hunting and gathering, everybody you had to deal with was somebody you saw every day. We’re species that’s based on communication with our entire tribe. As the population grew and people had to split up into smaller tribes and separate, they got into the point where they never see each other for their whole lives (Lamy Lester). Communication is important in maintaining relationship with our family, friends, and even somebody we encounter in our day-to-day lives. The internet is the first technology that let us have many-to-many communication with anybody on the planet. In a sense, it brought us back to something we lost thousands of years ago Internet allows people to interact with others anywhere on the planet (Lamy Lester). Today’s generation is based around technology. Everything we do revolve around the internet. It is primarily a source of communication, information and entertainment, as simple click and search, internet can provide us the information we need. The internet is unique among the mass media in allowing interpersonal communication through email and instant messaging. It is a community known as â€Å"Social networking†. Social networking has left us with the chance to meet people in a much easier method; a friend is now a finger click away. _______ Filipinos use social networking sites every day. Facebook, Yahoo, MySpace and Twitter are used extensively for the purpose of communication because those are the most popular networking sites this time. There are also programs that allow us to communicate such as Skype and Yahoo messenger. On Facebook, you can simply click â€Å"add friends† and the other person can either accept you or deny you. One of the most important advantages of the use of social media is the online sharing of knowledge and information among the different groups of people. This online sharing of information also promotes the increase in the communication skills among the people especially among the learners/students of educational institutions. Some people can access social networking sites without even leaving their house. Technology and social networking is slowly taking over people’s lives and beginning to affect their personal relationships and real life interaction. College teenagers are the most common users in Social networking. Students in Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite (LPU-Cavite) are using social networks to keep in touch with their friends, family and for academic purposes. Since LPU-Cavite is updated and uses modern technology as a way of teaching, student’s now have the knowledge to use technology as well. Some professors even use the networking sites to upload their lectures and upcoming lessons for the student’s benefit and advantage. Social networks are increasingly being used by teachers and learners as a communication tool. Teachers create chat rooms and groups to extend classroom discussion to posting assignments, tests and quizzes, to assisting with homework outside of the classroom setting. Learners can also form groups over the social networking sites and engage in discussion over a variety of topics (Trisha Dowerah Baruah). Using social networks as a way of sending lessons and information to students consume less time and effort that will give student’s benefit for their upcoming class and discussion.

Essay --

Extraction of iron to steel The Earth is mined to obtain the rocks that containing iron ore. Then the iron ore was transferred to factory to be extracted. In order to get the iron, we have to extract them from the iron ore. Heamatite (Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) are two common iron ores that usually used. In this assignment, we will use the equation of heamatite. Figure shows a Blast furnace Taken form : http://www.chimicamo.org/chimica-generale/ferro-produzione.html The iron ore, limestone and coke are burn together inside the furnace. The hot air that goes inside the furnace from the bottom is heated up by the heat that escape from the top. This process is to ensure that heat are not wasted because heat is a essential in this process. The coke, (fuel with few impurities and highly carbon content, usually made of coal –Wikipedia) which burns in the blast of hot air gives out carbon dioxide under an extreme exothermic reaction, is the main source of heat in the process. ( C + O2 = CO2) At bottom where high temperature is, carbon will react with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is the main source of reducing agent. ( C + CO2 = 2CO) The carbon monoxide will react with iron ore, haematite to form iron and carbon monoxide. ( Fe2O3 + 3CO = Fe2 + 3CO2) In hotter part of the furnace, carbon itself can be a reducing agent but the product is carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. (Fe2O3 + 3C = Fe2 + 3CO) The iron that results from the process is molten due to the high temperature at the bottom of the furnace. They will tapped off from the furnace at the bottom. Iron ore does contain impurities. The limestone that are added together with iron ore and coke is used to eliminate the impurities because they... ...gulation should be done regularly by the officers. Any factory that does not follow the regulation should be given a notice to shut down its operation within 24 hours until the solution to the pollution problem have been taken. The factory should be sued due to their mistake. This will educate other factory to take care the environment. By doing so, we could minimize the water pollution and save aquatic life. Clean water source also will be guaranteed safe if there is not pollution. Those are three action that the government should take in order to prevent more pollution caused by the iron industry. There are more suggestion that government can take, but it does not change anything if government itself does not take any action. Our government should take action now so that future generation does not blame us due to the pollution that they may encounter in future.

Goal, time and communication Essay

What is a successful student? Many people tend to regard them as people who are successful in academic area only. However, this is the age of change, our society, which includes the economic and political surroundings as well as the natural environment, rapidly change. Not only should a successful student excel at academic sphere, but they also need to equip themselves for adopting with the changing world. Therefore, three qualities are needed urgently: goal setting ability, efficient time management, and effective communication ability. First, goal setting ability is vital for a student to be successful. Goal setting provides students meaning to learn and knowing what they wish to get in the future. People without goal do not know what they should work hard for, as well as why they should concentrate their attention and time to study. As a result, they will tend to waste their time and money in their college, making them sigh and regret for these when they come to the society and lo ok for their job in a flummoxed way. In root, they do not know how to set a goal for their future development. Knowing how to set a goal, student’s life will be different. They will work hard and attentive in class, participate in activities positively, finding their life meaningful. Meanwhile, This ability help students adopt to work as well. When they set up their goal, everything comes clear and meaningful. With goal, they will learn initiatively. In such a enormously changing world, goal is important for student to adopt to the world. Second, time management is essential for a student to be successful. Time management is a process that controlling over the amount of time spent on specific activities to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. Students not knowing time management usually act causally, sometime even are not punctual when they have a meeting. As a consequence, they waste a lot of time looking for what they have ever arranged before. Moreover, they may not do the homework well even since they cannot handle well a big project by dividing it into different par ts and finish it well on time, not to mention their work. When they manage their time well, they will  be more confident to learn and work in an effective way. In such a rapidly changing world, time management is of vital importance for student to adopt to the world by manage their time well. Third, communication ability is significant for a student to be successful. Communication ability include language skill and ability to detect other’s meaning. Student without good communication skill usually tend to be distracted in the class, not to mention listening to the instructions clearly and making notes. Actually, people’s knowledge come from communication, student not handling communication skill must be not knowledgeable and making decision in a poor way. Now is the age of information, the third industry contributes to the economic a lot. People always corporate with people and communicate with others to get something in the society. If students may not handle communication ability, how can them get adopt to others and the quickly changing world? Goal setting ability, efficient time management, and effective communication ability, these all integrate into one is planning. Good planning always makes people get satisfying result with less effort in an effective way. These will not only help them improve academic result, but also prepare for our future life. To conclude, a successful student is not necessarily genius, but he should manage himself well to release his talent completely and cultivate himself to be adoptive to the society, as well as contribute to the society. In such a changing world, we are facing lots of problems caused by rapid economic growth in the past such as environment deterioration like climate change and resources depletion, widening gap between rich and poor and so on. These abilities will eventually help us save us from the social problems when we take action.

Electronic Music

Electronic Music may include tape music (existing only on tape, and played through loudspeakers), live electronic music (created on synthesizers or other electronic equipment in real time), musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te (created from recorded and subsequently modified sounds), or music which combines live performers and taped electronic sound. Although these types of music refer primarily to the nature of the technology and techniques involved, divisions are increasingly blurred. Other terminology, such as computer music, electro-acoustic music, acousmatic music, and radiophonic music, has also come into use, more often to indicate aesthetic rather than technological preferences. In the early 1900s the Italian Futurists, led by composer Luigi Russolo, envisaged a music created with noise and electronic â€Å"music boxes†, and the first commercially available electronic music instruments appeared at this time. However, although visionary composers like Scriabin and Henry Cowell had dreamt of music created by purely electronic means, electronic music first became realistically possible when recording technology developed during World War II. Several studios came into being in the 1940s and 1950s, and were associated with key figures and specific artistic aims. In France, sound engineer and composer Pierre Schaeffer formed the French Radio studio (RTF) in Paris, built around several tape recorders, microphones, and tape editing equipment. The principal techniques for creating music were the cutting, splicing, looping, or reversal of lengths of recorded tape. These tape manipulation techniques resulted in a kind of sound montage, painstakingly created from recordings of sounds from the â€Å"real world†. Schaeffer referred to the results as musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te, a term still in wide use today, especially in France. His first experiment in this new genre used recordings of the sounds of trains, and all his works of this time were brief sound studies with evocative titles, such as Symphonie pour un homme seul, composed in collaboration with his younger colleague, Pierre Henry. Schaeffer's practical experiments in electronic music composition were supported by his influential theoretical writings on the subject, and the studio of Henry and Schaeffer attracted several emerging composers, among them the composer Pierre Boulez. In the late 1940s in Germany, Werner Meyer-Eppler, a physicist and Director of the Institute of Phonetics at Bonn University, first demonstrated a Vocoder, an analytical device which included a synthetic human voice. His theoretical work influenced the composers associated with the West German Radio studio in Cologne (founded 1953), who were concerned with the electronic synthesis of sounds, through the use of tone generators and other sound-modifying devices. The first director of the Cologne Studio, Herbert Eimert, was highly influential in his method of using total serialism as a basis of constructing electronic works. In this method all aspects of music, including pitch, rhythm, and relative volume were controlled by numerically defined principles. Electronic sounds and devices provided a suitable precision and control for the realization of this concept. By a process known as additive synthesis (see section on sound synthesis, below) composers such as Maderna and Stockhausen lab oriously constructed short electronic pieces, derived entirely from electronic sounds. In the later 1950s many electronic music studios were established in Europe, the most significant being the RAI studio in Milan, founded by Berio and Maderna, the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht, and the EMS studio in Stockholm. The division between musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te and pure electronic music was a largely European phenomenon. Although various studios arose at the same time in the United States, aesthetic distinctions were less important. In the 1950s in New York, composers Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky produced tape music from very basic studio equipment. Their music transformed the recorded sounds of instruments and voices through tape manipulation techniques and simple reverberation units. In the late 1950s they became associated with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, at which composer Milton Babbitt used a huge RCA computer, filling an entire room, to create music composed on similar serial principles to Eimert and Stockhausen in Cologne. His work Philomel (1964) was one of the first to be written for live performer and tape. The development of computing technology in the 1950s and 1960s led to the establishment of a number of studios specifically concerned with computer music at American universities and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. During the 1960s and 1970s the Americans Paul Lansky and Barry Vercoe, among others, developed music software packages (computer programs specifically designed for the manipulation and creation of sound) which were freely available to interested composers. This tradition of software development at American universities has done much to aid the growth of computer music worldwide. The Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University, in California, and the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris, founded by Pierre Boulez in 1977, both made significant use of computers and remain influential centres of electronic music composition today. The rapid development of computing technology, in the last 15 years or so, has brought about a revolution in computer music and electronic music in general. Computers are now more affordable, and computer programs which originally took hours to run can now be completed in a matter of seconds, or even in real time. Today, many universities have a computer music studio and several countries have national studios, devoted to the composition of electronic music. In addition, composers are increasingly working independently, in personal studios.

Workers Organization in the Late 1870s

Workers Organization in the Late 1870s Workers organization in the late 1870’s can also be referred to as labor history. This describes the history of labor that happened in the United States. Labor federations and unions evolved, split and merged in the 1870’s due to various factors. Solidarity was the main theme, individual rights and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Workers Organization in the Late 1870’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early Unions Most trade unions were formed after the Civil War. The National Labor Union was the first to be formed. There were also strikes by women who worked in bad conditions in shops. They earned 1.25$ or 2$ per week. The weavers bought their thread and needles from their proprietor. There were also fines for being â€Å"few minutes late† when reporting to work. They also carried their treadle machines and if they protested, this resulted in dismissal. Often whole families wou ld work from daytime till midnight and this resulted in some illness due to dust accumulation on the tables and floors. Others worked in cold weather caused by leaking of shops from openings on the roofs. This caused women to strike and the Daughters of Liberty was formed. In 1871, they later named themselves the United Tailoresses of New York (Boark et al., 2008). They formed strikes and they succeeded in some. Order of the Knights of St. Crispin It was formed in 1867 and had 50 000 members in 1870. There was Daughters of St. Crispin which was founded in 1870. The aim of this union was to fight against the encroachment of machinery in the shoe making industry but they failed because the machines that were introduced were easy to operate. They produced more and better quality shoes than hand sewed shoes. The machines were also operated by unskilled and semi- skilled workers. Railroad Brotherhoods There was rapid growth of railroad systems in 1870. Unions sprang up and they included Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the order of Railway Conductors. The main goals of these brotherhoods were to build medical packages and insurance policies for their members. They were centers for airing workers’ grievances. They were successful in that, they secured the Adamson Act; a law that enabled them â€Å"10 hours pay for an eight hour day† (Boark et al., 2008). They also nationalized railroads after World War 1.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knights of Labor It was formed in 1869. It was influential, effective and regional. It accepted all laborers and producers. Terence Powderly was the leader and had political and education agenda for the group. The union was successful in that it involved women, sports, families, educational projects and leisure activities for its members. It preached cooperation and ha rmony among producers. In 1885, the union made railroad workers to win a victory over Southwestern Railway system. This was after a strike. They also tried to coordinate 1400 strikes in the country with over 600,000 workers. The strikes were either violent confrontations or peaceful (Boark et al., 2008). The workers came from coal mining, railroads and the McCormick Reaper Factory in Chicago. Afterwards, the union collapsed largely because they could not handle too much. Many knights transferred to less radical unions like the American Federation of Labor and railroad brotherhoods. American Federation of Labor It was founded in 1881 by Samuel Gompers. It had different unions. The unions’ goals included, â€Å"a national eight hour day, exclusion of foreign contract workers† and prohibited child labor. They also encouraged trade unions formation. The American Federation had success in obtaining favorable legislation but it did not have success in chartering or organizin g new unions (Boark et al., 2008). It supported the proposal of the national Labor Day holiday on every first Monday of September. It also limited its membership to wage workers unlike the Knights of Labor which welcomed non-wage workers. The Knights disappeared but AFL continued to grow even in the 19th Century. The members were primarily both skilled and unskilled workers, and African-Americans. Women were excluded since they saw that they worked for smaller wages. Conclusion There were other strikes that continued in the late1890’s and 1900 like Pullman strike. It occurred due to a reduction of wages by the Pullman Palace Car Company following an economic depression in 1890. The workers joined the American Railway Union which was led by Eugene V. Debs (Boark et al., 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Workers Organization in the Late 1870’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This union supported th e Pullman strike by refusing to switch cars that belonged to Pullman onto trains. 125, 000 workers on 29 railroads quitted their jobs instead of handling Pullman cars. The strike was interfered by United States Marshal and 2,000 United States Army troops. Some strikers were killed, others wounded and property damaged. This led to disintegration of the American Railway Union. Some workers organizations of the 1870’s were successful and others were not. This depended on their goals. For instance, Order of the Knights of St. Crispin was unsuccessful because their aims were to fight against the introductions of machines in factories. They saw that the machines would replace them. The machines were easy to operate and produced more shoes hence their strikes failed. Other unions succeeded like Railroad Brotherhoods due to better management, solidarity and worked in harmony. References Boark, J. L. et al. (2008). The American Promise: A Compact History. 4th Ed. Bedford: St. Martinâ €™s.

Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven

Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven Scream is a horror film that was released in 1996. Upon its release, it became an immediate box office. This movie contains some well-developed elements of a scary movie such as an evil character, murder, and sound effects. This essay will discuss how the director of the movie Scream used these three important elements to draw the attention of the viewers and keep their attention throughout the entire film.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main element in any scary movie is the evil character, who is usually the reason behind the horrifying plot. In the movie Scream, the evil character is a man who is dressed in a long black robe and wears an elongated white mask over his face. He is very plain and simple which creates more suspense because no one knows who he is. This evil character calls his targeted victims over the phone. Many times, victims t hink someone is making a prank call. For example, the movie opens when Casey (Drew Barrymore) receives a call from an unidentified caller. As his voice is becoming more threatening, she starts to realize that he is not only talking to her on the phone, but he is also watching her. After he calls and harasses his targeted victims over the phone, he appears in the same house and chases down his victims until he is able to successfully murder them. No one knows the killers identity and it creates a sense of wonder. His deep, threatening voice helps to make his plain and simple costume even scarier for the viewers. All scary movies have to have the element of death. The murders committed in the movie made it one of the scariest movies of its time. After killing his teenage victims, he usually leaves their mutilated bodies in odd places or positions. For example, after killing Caseys boyfriend, the killer chases her into the yard. Her parents do not see her, so after the killer stabs her in the chest, he then hangs her dead body in the tree for her parents to see her. So, not only are the murders gruesome, they are also very disturbing. By chasing his victims, he creates suspense and excitement for the viewers. There were several sound effects throughout the movie, that created fear and suspense for the viewers. For example, the voice of the killer over the phone created a scary feeling; it was deep and mysterious, harsh and threatening. The use of music was also very well developed. It helped to excite the viewers and create a sense of fear.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, as the title indicates, Scream, throughout the entire film, victims scream for help, but no one comes. On the other hand, sometimes the victims cannot scream because of the way the killer stabs them. The inability to scream created an element of fear because this made the k iller powerful. This movie was very well-written, directed and executed for the horror audience. The director was able to grab the viewers attention and hold it throughout the entire film. He created a sense of fear which is what a successful horror film about. When the film ended, it was very clear that there would be a sequel soon. By using an undefined ending, the director was able to convince the viewers to come back and see the next part. Therefore, with these three main elements of a horror film, Scream was very successful.

Motivation in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivation in the workplace - Essay Example A way to ensure that governmental workers do their jobs correctly is by keeping them motivated. The person responsible to ensure that public servants are motivated is the manager. Managers have to use their people skills and leadership to motivate public workers. A lack of leadership by governmental leaders can lead to disastrous results for a public agency. It is important for managers to always keep the lines of communication open. Communication in the workplace can be enhanced by providing training and development. Active listening skills are also important. A way to motivate public workers is by empowering the staff. â€Å"Empowerment is the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes† (Worldbank, 2011). Empowering the employees allows the workers to make more decisions on their own without a manager harassing them over every single detail or decision. A theory of motivation that can be used by the managers of public agencies to improve the motivation of the workers is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is composed of a pyramid of lower order and higher order needs. The five needs of Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The physiological needs are the most basic of all human needs which include biological maintenance, need for food, water, and substance. To comply with these needs the manager of a governmental institution must provide the employees with a lunch hour and two fifteen minutes breaks, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. There should be a lunch room in the facility with a refrigerator and a water fountain. The safety need deals with the need for security, protection, and stability. This need can be met by the manager of a governmental entity by hiring a security guard to

Modern Culture in Western Europe and the US Essay

Modern Culture in Western Europe and the US - Essay Example The first argument is that like Germany, the U.S. insists on issuing driving licenses to teens more than 18 years of age. The U.S. has gone one step further by also requiring written consent from the teen’s parents before issuing not only a driver’s license but also a learner’s permit to teens (Smith: 10). This represents the strongest pro-teen driver argument that states, unlike other countries of the world, West European countries and the U.S. have strict driver licensing systems that contain severe training tests that must be fully and properly passed by teens before they get a driving license. The second argument concerns driver’s education programs in U.S. high schools (Haverstock) and the role of driving instructors (Smith: 9). This argument states that such school driver’s education programs give proper and sufficient training to teens in all matters related to driving, mainly traffic rules and the methods of operating, maintaining and even b riefly repairing motor vehicles. The knowledge got from the school driver’s education program is greatly strengthened when teens use the service of driving instructors. The instructors apply the ‘finishing touches’ to what has already been learned in school. The third argument is that, as compared to adults, teens rarely drive when drunk (Harrop). This argument raises the usual trend of teens not to drink and drive because drunk driving is easily the most common reason for road accidents. The argument further states that this good habit of teens is a clear indication that they are responsible members of society and our country who deserve to be allowed to drive. The fourth argument concerns the education level of teens. Teens are not illiterate morons but study in high schools and colleges where they are gaining a high level of knowledge as they are trained to be our country’s future. They are perfectly aware of the risks involved in rash driving and are r esponsible enough to decide for themselves if they are competent enough to drive.

American Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Slavery - Essay Example In fact, slavery was for economic factors since the English settler required slaves to provide labor in their huge farms. The colonialists continually lured the many laborers to provide labor and sometimes, were forced to compel them to work forcefully (Morgan, 149). For some reasons, many believed that the decreasing populace and the need for a labor force compelled the white people to believe that African slaves were the most effective in provision of labor force. During the 1680s through to the 17th century, the population of the indentured servants declined and the need for more labor force was required for the huge tobacco plantations. To the farmers or tobacco planters, slavery was the ideal labor because it was cheap was of solving the shortage of labor. Planters had an abundance of land while suffered losses because they lacked laborers. Nonetheless, the status of the slave was predetermined by the material conditions of the slave life. During the early colonial period, both indentured servants and slaves got better treatments than the black slaves. The also belonged to the poorest ranks in the society, thus; they barely enjoyed greater freedoms. As any of the aspects of the history regarding slavery, the dynamics of urban existence for the enslaved went from one region to another between historical periods. Many colonies such as the Northern colony and low country such as Carolinas began moving from cities to the countryside, thus; focusing more on agricultural production, in the lower valley of Mississippi. For example in the 1763, a quarter of the black populace of Louisiana resided on small tracks in distinct near the city of New Orleans. Nonetheless, the circumstances were to be altered in subsequent periods. In the late 1700 and 1800, the slavery was beginning its state of decay as some of its founders had hoped. This is justified by the fact that in 1860, roughly 140,000 slaves had

Intercultural Aspect Of Culture Essay Example for Free

Intercultural Aspect Of Culture Essay Before evolving an intercultural model of conflict resolution it is important to understand and identify aspects of culture that lead to creation of the framework of conflict. The cultural spectrum holds different shades for a person, a society and a nation, accordingly helping each of them to assimilate and adapt to a common identity that is defined and shaped by culture (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). In the process of evolving this collective identity, culture transcends its traditional role of providing an aggregate set of beliefs, customs, norms, values, ethics, traditions, moral, social and legal codes, perceptions, and philosophy, to become the overall physical framework for the society to function. Culture is strongly related with geographical setting of a place, religion, ethnicity, and race, explaining why different countries have different cultures, and also why places on seashore share common elements of culture that is quite different from culture of mountainous places. The imprinting of culture on ways a person thinks, acts, perceives the environment and models his/her reaction is very strong and virtually indelible, determining every aspect of human behavior and giving rise to cultural identity in addition to individual and national identity. Although the classic rational choice framework says that people are independent in choice of their behavior and approach towards events, its seen that at subtle levels the structural model provided by culture acts as final determinant in predicting a person, a society and a nation. Although culture is dynamic, evolving and continuously upgrading itself, in essence, these changes occur within the context of culture’s own timeframe. One of the most important contribution of culture to human civilization is the orientation provided towards other cultures, making the culture in question receptive, tolerant, indifferent or outright hostile towards different cultures. Societies are seldom mono-cultural, displaying a range of cultural traits, achieved through generations of trades, contact, and cross cultural mixing (Holliday, Hyde and Kullman, 2004). However, although for people belonging to a particular culture, their culture would hardly seem complex, the cultural realities are hidden beneath the surface, difficult to observe and discern from outside. These improper understanding and imperfect perceptions of culture often give rise to conflict when different cultures are required to meet or come across. In the workshops I have attended I have come across people from various cultural background and my first attempt is always to know as much possible as about them; not their individual preferences, but their cultural orientation and philosophy. My this approach has helped me immensely in not only developing an understanding of other cultures, but my own adaptability and flexibility in my relation towards them Conflict and Culture Conflict is an integral part of human culture. When a number of people of interact with their own individual perspectives, view points, ideologies, cultural and social backgrounds and intellectual development then differences and debates are bound to arise as a logical and inevitable consequence of the interaction (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). These differences, acted upon by incompatible interests of attaining personal goals, change into conflict within groups, societies and nations. (Rahim, 2001,1) The greater the diversity and richer the profile of a society, the greater is the scope and range of its embedded conflict. Therefore it is essential to educate people on understanding and handling conflict and treat as an integral component of a democratic society that is important for developing a healthy social life (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). In every conflict, whether it is individual or at social scale, culture has always an important role to play. Depending upon the actors involved and the context of conflict, the role of culture in conflict can be direct or subtle, but it is always present as the ultimate factor in deciding the scope of conflict, its direction or its outcome. Culture even decides the existence of conflict, for people who are embedded in the culture of seeing world as a harmonious entity, may not be aware of any conflict through their life. In all the major disputes, debates and disagreement taking place around world, differences in cultural identities and perceptions are fundamental causative factors. A further evidence of the role that culture plays is evinced by peace and harmony existing among societies that have same culture, such as observed between USA and Britain, sharing same historical and cultural roots. Every conflict, whether it is trans-generational, geographical, religious, organizational, or personal, has a cultural component involved. People enshrined in their own culture often react with hostility against any cultural identity that appears contrary to their thought process and ideas. It follows therefore that any effort of conflict resolution needs to incorporate cultural understanding and acknowledge the existence and necessity of diversity (ibid). Personally I have encountered cultural difference in perspective of style of communication. Some of my colleagues, belonging to different cultural background, initially took exception to the direct and frank method of communication that is followed in US, as this, according to them constitutes a mild level of effrontery. However, as they assimilated themselves with the general surrounding, they realized that the direct nature of communication is a norm, not an aberration. Communication and Conflict Communication is important, as it is the medium of conveying message, forming the first interface in method of conflict resolution. Communication is almost always within the context of culture, and culture determines the significance of words as well as gestures and non-verbal expressions, affording people with choices of high context or low context communication, depending upon their cultural maturity and ability to handle multi-culturalism and accommodate a range of opinions and ideas other than those familiar to them (Grosse, 2002). During the initial phase of cultural familiarity, communication takes place at low context, meaning that people rely more on direct verbal communication, which is more or less literal in nature. As the cultural relationship progresses, communication interaction moves ahead on continuum to become high context, and it becomes more interpersonal and contextual, minimizing chances of misunderstanding and confusion. Effective cross cultural communication is centered upon knowledge, empathy and intercultural sensitivity (ibid). The correct approach in such cases is be flexible, adaptable and receptive to all views, no matter how contrary or incongruous they appear.. A positive and patient listening attitude is also valuable as it allows people to fathom emotions of others and makes them perceptible to alternate view points. Finally, the most important attribute in cross cultural communication is recognition that every culture is correct in its own context and each has to yield some ground to reach a harmonious consensus (ibid). In my attempts to understand and know about other cultures, I have always relied on effective communication skills, that include both hearing and communicating. Personally I have felt that people from different cultures readily share their cultural background, their beliefs, customs and traditions as I myself do in a multi-cultural environment, as we all want to be well understood and appreciated. Active listening and frank communication skills have greatly helped me in establishing quick rapport in any multi-cultured environment. Discussion on mediation and skills in conflict resolution Effective communication strategies are keys to resolve conflict by providing channels that provide expression of grievances and bring conflicting parties together. In the field of conflict management, communication strategies help through the channels of 1. Negotiation: Negotiation has emerged as an important form of conflict management within organizational and social setups. As such research in communication theory in conflict management has started to pay close attention to communication behaviors, types and strategies towards successful negotiation. Negotiation, as a part of managing conflict, requires interested parties to trade proposals for settlement that include, out of court settlements, business contracts, collective bargaining contract etc (Womack, 1990, 32). As Womack further elaborates, generally the process of negotiation proceeds through motives that are both competitive and cooperative. The approach of communication in the entire process of negotiation is concerned with the messages that are transferred among negotiators and the concerned parties. Communication intervenes in the process of negotiation through its both verbal and nonverbal forms and constitutes the entire base on which the goals and terms of the bargain are negotiated. Communication plays the central role in not only developing the relationship among the parties in conflict, but also in determining its direction. It is also central in every form of bargaining process, whether the bargaining is done for organizational form of conflict management, involves conflict resolution, negotiation on legal agreements or for negotiation in inter-group an intra group conflict. The entire role of communication in negotiation processes and strategies is quite vast and it ranges from defining the conflict issues, selection and implementation of strategies to presenting and defending the viable alternatives and finally helping in reaching on a solution (Womack, 1990, 35). 2. Third party intervention: Third party intervention in conflict situation is a tricky and challenging situation. It is considered as one of those areas that offers real test to the communication skills of the intervening person. Although mediation requires a neutral and third party to bring the disputants on the resolving chairs and solve the conflict, the mediator per se, has no authority and commanding power to force the parties into acquiescing to an agreement. At the best, the mediator can use persuasive and convincing dialogues through which the involved parties voluntarily agree to reach at accord through advises, admonishments, ideas, and views of the mediator and break into meaningful dialogue with each other (Burrel, 1990, 54). Its easy to see that this entire procedure requires very high level of communication skills on the part of the mediator to successfully negotiate agreement among the conflicting parties. I have had the opportunity to mediate in certain cases of cultural misunderstanding in the workshop. I tried to resolve the dispute by completely understanding the issue of contention, and the respective approaches that each party had taken on the issue. Thereafter I clarified the entire situation to them, explaining in the process that their respective approaches where natural consequences of their cultural training and application of that training on the issue in hand. In the process I encouraged them to understand and appreciate each other’s cultural understanding and orientation, they were successful in settling the conflict. Designing a process of Intercultural aspects of conflict resolution In the course to evolve a systematic cultural response to conflict, the first step is to breed familiarity among cultures that adds plurality and multicultural dimension to broaden existing views. In the process of evolving cultural familiarity communication, approaches towards conflict, cultural interpretation of life and identities and roles are identified as essential parameters (Carbaugh, 1990). Out of these, role and range of communication has already been discussed. Now it is time to look at rest of three factors. Responses towards a conflict situation are largely culture dependent, guided by the ways each culture has systemized itself towards conflict. Direct and straightforward ways of approaching conflict, generally acceptable in western society, may seem threatening and offensive in eastern cultures accustomed to third party negotiations. Similarly, cultures that follow calm and reasonable response to conflict, may feel intimidated by emotional and passionate response to conflict situation (Carbaugh, 1990). Cultural interpretation of life sets the starting point for people that forms basis of their thinking, values and philosophy, eventually deciding the role they would play in every conflict and their outcome they come across. It is the cultural orientation that makes societies disciplined or diffused, generalized or specific, value oriented or bohemian, and cooperative or isolated (Carbaugh, 1990). Hence cultural conflict resolution ultimately depends on the depth of understanding attained through interaction. Intercultural differences are very real forces in an environment where multiple cultures are interacting and coordinating on day to day basis. From my learning and observation the nature intercultural differences and their consequences on organizational and group efficiency, these differences can be resolved by taking a more comprehensive, collective and adaptive view of situation, that includes our own cultural vulnerabilities when placed in an unfamiliar social structure. As the workshop trainings and experience has demonstrated, it is very important to know the cultural background of people with whom we interact, fully understand the points where our mutual cultural understanding differ and recognize where they converge. Finally we should also develop a mutual sense of regard and appreciation for our combined cultural diversity. One of the revealing experiences that I have undergone relates to issue of timeliness. While in western culture, schedules are strictly followed and meetings start exactly on designated time, it is normal in many cultures to digress in time by a limited margin. Thus, in a multi-cultured environment, cultural ignorance can lead to conflict on such simple issue of scheduled arrival, while cultural knowledge and understanding would help in ‘looking’ at from other person’s cultural lens. Given the range and depth of cultural impact on overall personal behavior and communication style of people, there are numerous situations where cultural ignorance can directly put people against each other. Hence we should always strive to learn as much about other cultures as possible and continue to update our knowledge. References Burrel, N. A, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim editor. Praeger Publishers. :New York Rahim, M. A (2001), Managing Conflict in Organizations. Contributors: M. Afzalur: Quorum Books. Westport, CT Handbook of Conflict Management. (2003) . Jerri Killian ,William J. Pammer Jr. (edits): Marcel Dekker. New York. Womack, D. F, 1990. Theory and Research in Conflict Management. edit M. Afzalur Rahim editor. Praeger Publishers. :New York. Leborn, M. 2003. Culture and Conflict. Accessed online on 17. 11. 2007. http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/culture_conflict/ Grosse, C. U. 2002. Managing Communication within Virtual Intercultural Teams Business Communication Quarterly, Vol. 65, 2002. Holliday, A. , Hyde, M. ,, Kullman, J. 2004. Intercultural Communication: An Advanced Resource Book; Routledge, Carbaugh, D. 1990 Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.