Essay --

Extraction of iron to steel The Earth is mined to obtain the rocks that containing iron ore. Then the iron ore was transferred to factory to be extracted. In order to get the iron, we have to extract them from the iron ore. Heamatite (Fe2O3) and Magnetite (Fe3O4) are two common iron ores that usually used. In this assignment, we will use the equation of heamatite. Figure shows a Blast furnace Taken form : http://www.chimicamo.org/chimica-generale/ferro-produzione.html The iron ore, limestone and coke are burn together inside the furnace. The hot air that goes inside the furnace from the bottom is heated up by the heat that escape from the top. This process is to ensure that heat are not wasted because heat is a essential in this process. The coke, (fuel with few impurities and highly carbon content, usually made of coal –Wikipedia) which burns in the blast of hot air gives out carbon dioxide under an extreme exothermic reaction, is the main source of heat in the process. ( C + O2 = CO2) At bottom where high temperature is, carbon will react with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is the main source of reducing agent. ( C + CO2 = 2CO) The carbon monoxide will react with iron ore, haematite to form iron and carbon monoxide. ( Fe2O3 + 3CO = Fe2 + 3CO2) In hotter part of the furnace, carbon itself can be a reducing agent but the product is carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide. (Fe2O3 + 3C = Fe2 + 3CO) The iron that results from the process is molten due to the high temperature at the bottom of the furnace. They will tapped off from the furnace at the bottom. Iron ore does contain impurities. The limestone that are added together with iron ore and coke is used to eliminate the impurities because they... ...gulation should be done regularly by the officers. Any factory that does not follow the regulation should be given a notice to shut down its operation within 24 hours until the solution to the pollution problem have been taken. The factory should be sued due to their mistake. This will educate other factory to take care the environment. By doing so, we could minimize the water pollution and save aquatic life. Clean water source also will be guaranteed safe if there is not pollution. Those are three action that the government should take in order to prevent more pollution caused by the iron industry. There are more suggestion that government can take, but it does not change anything if government itself does not take any action. Our government should take action now so that future generation does not blame us due to the pollution that they may encounter in future.

Goal, time and communication Essay

What is a successful student? Many people tend to regard them as people who are successful in academic area only. However, this is the age of change, our society, which includes the economic and political surroundings as well as the natural environment, rapidly change. Not only should a successful student excel at academic sphere, but they also need to equip themselves for adopting with the changing world. Therefore, three qualities are needed urgently: goal setting ability, efficient time management, and effective communication ability. First, goal setting ability is vital for a student to be successful. Goal setting provides students meaning to learn and knowing what they wish to get in the future. People without goal do not know what they should work hard for, as well as why they should concentrate their attention and time to study. As a result, they will tend to waste their time and money in their college, making them sigh and regret for these when they come to the society and lo ok for their job in a flummoxed way. In root, they do not know how to set a goal for their future development. Knowing how to set a goal, student’s life will be different. They will work hard and attentive in class, participate in activities positively, finding their life meaningful. Meanwhile, This ability help students adopt to work as well. When they set up their goal, everything comes clear and meaningful. With goal, they will learn initiatively. In such a enormously changing world, goal is important for student to adopt to the world. Second, time management is essential for a student to be successful. Time management is a process that controlling over the amount of time spent on specific activities to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. Students not knowing time management usually act causally, sometime even are not punctual when they have a meeting. As a consequence, they waste a lot of time looking for what they have ever arranged before. Moreover, they may not do the homework well even since they cannot handle well a big project by dividing it into different par ts and finish it well on time, not to mention their work. When they manage their time well, they will  be more confident to learn and work in an effective way. In such a rapidly changing world, time management is of vital importance for student to adopt to the world by manage their time well. Third, communication ability is significant for a student to be successful. Communication ability include language skill and ability to detect other’s meaning. Student without good communication skill usually tend to be distracted in the class, not to mention listening to the instructions clearly and making notes. Actually, people’s knowledge come from communication, student not handling communication skill must be not knowledgeable and making decision in a poor way. Now is the age of information, the third industry contributes to the economic a lot. People always corporate with people and communicate with others to get something in the society. If students may not handle communication ability, how can them get adopt to others and the quickly changing world? Goal setting ability, efficient time management, and effective communication ability, these all integrate into one is planning. Good planning always makes people get satisfying result with less effort in an effective way. These will not only help them improve academic result, but also prepare for our future life. To conclude, a successful student is not necessarily genius, but he should manage himself well to release his talent completely and cultivate himself to be adoptive to the society, as well as contribute to the society. In such a changing world, we are facing lots of problems caused by rapid economic growth in the past such as environment deterioration like climate change and resources depletion, widening gap between rich and poor and so on. These abilities will eventually help us save us from the social problems when we take action.

Electronic Music

Electronic Music may include tape music (existing only on tape, and played through loudspeakers), live electronic music (created on synthesizers or other electronic equipment in real time), musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te (created from recorded and subsequently modified sounds), or music which combines live performers and taped electronic sound. Although these types of music refer primarily to the nature of the technology and techniques involved, divisions are increasingly blurred. Other terminology, such as computer music, electro-acoustic music, acousmatic music, and radiophonic music, has also come into use, more often to indicate aesthetic rather than technological preferences. In the early 1900s the Italian Futurists, led by composer Luigi Russolo, envisaged a music created with noise and electronic â€Å"music boxes†, and the first commercially available electronic music instruments appeared at this time. However, although visionary composers like Scriabin and Henry Cowell had dreamt of music created by purely electronic means, electronic music first became realistically possible when recording technology developed during World War II. Several studios came into being in the 1940s and 1950s, and were associated with key figures and specific artistic aims. In France, sound engineer and composer Pierre Schaeffer formed the French Radio studio (RTF) in Paris, built around several tape recorders, microphones, and tape editing equipment. The principal techniques for creating music were the cutting, splicing, looping, or reversal of lengths of recorded tape. These tape manipulation techniques resulted in a kind of sound montage, painstakingly created from recordings of sounds from the â€Å"real world†. Schaeffer referred to the results as musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te, a term still in wide use today, especially in France. His first experiment in this new genre used recordings of the sounds of trains, and all his works of this time were brief sound studies with evocative titles, such as Symphonie pour un homme seul, composed in collaboration with his younger colleague, Pierre Henry. Schaeffer's practical experiments in electronic music composition were supported by his influential theoretical writings on the subject, and the studio of Henry and Schaeffer attracted several emerging composers, among them the composer Pierre Boulez. In the late 1940s in Germany, Werner Meyer-Eppler, a physicist and Director of the Institute of Phonetics at Bonn University, first demonstrated a Vocoder, an analytical device which included a synthetic human voice. His theoretical work influenced the composers associated with the West German Radio studio in Cologne (founded 1953), who were concerned with the electronic synthesis of sounds, through the use of tone generators and other sound-modifying devices. The first director of the Cologne Studio, Herbert Eimert, was highly influential in his method of using total serialism as a basis of constructing electronic works. In this method all aspects of music, including pitch, rhythm, and relative volume were controlled by numerically defined principles. Electronic sounds and devices provided a suitable precision and control for the realization of this concept. By a process known as additive synthesis (see section on sound synthesis, below) composers such as Maderna and Stockhausen lab oriously constructed short electronic pieces, derived entirely from electronic sounds. In the later 1950s many electronic music studios were established in Europe, the most significant being the RAI studio in Milan, founded by Berio and Maderna, the Institute of Sonology in Utrecht, and the EMS studio in Stockholm. The division between musique concrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½te and pure electronic music was a largely European phenomenon. Although various studios arose at the same time in the United States, aesthetic distinctions were less important. In the 1950s in New York, composers Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky produced tape music from very basic studio equipment. Their music transformed the recorded sounds of instruments and voices through tape manipulation techniques and simple reverberation units. In the late 1950s they became associated with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, at which composer Milton Babbitt used a huge RCA computer, filling an entire room, to create music composed on similar serial principles to Eimert and Stockhausen in Cologne. His work Philomel (1964) was one of the first to be written for live performer and tape. The development of computing technology in the 1950s and 1960s led to the establishment of a number of studios specifically concerned with computer music at American universities and, to a lesser extent, in Europe. During the 1960s and 1970s the Americans Paul Lansky and Barry Vercoe, among others, developed music software packages (computer programs specifically designed for the manipulation and creation of sound) which were freely available to interested composers. This tradition of software development at American universities has done much to aid the growth of computer music worldwide. The Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) at Stanford University, in California, and the Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM) in Paris, founded by Pierre Boulez in 1977, both made significant use of computers and remain influential centres of electronic music composition today. The rapid development of computing technology, in the last 15 years or so, has brought about a revolution in computer music and electronic music in general. Computers are now more affordable, and computer programs which originally took hours to run can now be completed in a matter of seconds, or even in real time. Today, many universities have a computer music studio and several countries have national studios, devoted to the composition of electronic music. In addition, composers are increasingly working independently, in personal studios.

Workers Organization in the Late 1870s

Workers Organization in the Late 1870s Workers organization in the late 1870’s can also be referred to as labor history. This describes the history of labor that happened in the United States. Labor federations and unions evolved, split and merged in the 1870’s due to various factors. Solidarity was the main theme, individual rights and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Workers Organization in the Late 1870’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early Unions Most trade unions were formed after the Civil War. The National Labor Union was the first to be formed. There were also strikes by women who worked in bad conditions in shops. They earned 1.25$ or 2$ per week. The weavers bought their thread and needles from their proprietor. There were also fines for being â€Å"few minutes late† when reporting to work. They also carried their treadle machines and if they protested, this resulted in dismissal. Often whole families wou ld work from daytime till midnight and this resulted in some illness due to dust accumulation on the tables and floors. Others worked in cold weather caused by leaking of shops from openings on the roofs. This caused women to strike and the Daughters of Liberty was formed. In 1871, they later named themselves the United Tailoresses of New York (Boark et al., 2008). They formed strikes and they succeeded in some. Order of the Knights of St. Crispin It was formed in 1867 and had 50 000 members in 1870. There was Daughters of St. Crispin which was founded in 1870. The aim of this union was to fight against the encroachment of machinery in the shoe making industry but they failed because the machines that were introduced were easy to operate. They produced more and better quality shoes than hand sewed shoes. The machines were also operated by unskilled and semi- skilled workers. Railroad Brotherhoods There was rapid growth of railroad systems in 1870. Unions sprang up and they included Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the order of Railway Conductors. The main goals of these brotherhoods were to build medical packages and insurance policies for their members. They were centers for airing workers’ grievances. They were successful in that, they secured the Adamson Act; a law that enabled them â€Å"10 hours pay for an eight hour day† (Boark et al., 2008). They also nationalized railroads after World War 1.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knights of Labor It was formed in 1869. It was influential, effective and regional. It accepted all laborers and producers. Terence Powderly was the leader and had political and education agenda for the group. The union was successful in that it involved women, sports, families, educational projects and leisure activities for its members. It preached cooperation and ha rmony among producers. In 1885, the union made railroad workers to win a victory over Southwestern Railway system. This was after a strike. They also tried to coordinate 1400 strikes in the country with over 600,000 workers. The strikes were either violent confrontations or peaceful (Boark et al., 2008). The workers came from coal mining, railroads and the McCormick Reaper Factory in Chicago. Afterwards, the union collapsed largely because they could not handle too much. Many knights transferred to less radical unions like the American Federation of Labor and railroad brotherhoods. American Federation of Labor It was founded in 1881 by Samuel Gompers. It had different unions. The unions’ goals included, â€Å"a national eight hour day, exclusion of foreign contract workers† and prohibited child labor. They also encouraged trade unions formation. The American Federation had success in obtaining favorable legislation but it did not have success in chartering or organizin g new unions (Boark et al., 2008). It supported the proposal of the national Labor Day holiday on every first Monday of September. It also limited its membership to wage workers unlike the Knights of Labor which welcomed non-wage workers. The Knights disappeared but AFL continued to grow even in the 19th Century. The members were primarily both skilled and unskilled workers, and African-Americans. Women were excluded since they saw that they worked for smaller wages. Conclusion There were other strikes that continued in the late1890’s and 1900 like Pullman strike. It occurred due to a reduction of wages by the Pullman Palace Car Company following an economic depression in 1890. The workers joined the American Railway Union which was led by Eugene V. Debs (Boark et al., 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Workers Organization in the Late 1870’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This union supported th e Pullman strike by refusing to switch cars that belonged to Pullman onto trains. 125, 000 workers on 29 railroads quitted their jobs instead of handling Pullman cars. The strike was interfered by United States Marshal and 2,000 United States Army troops. Some strikers were killed, others wounded and property damaged. This led to disintegration of the American Railway Union. Some workers organizations of the 1870’s were successful and others were not. This depended on their goals. For instance, Order of the Knights of St. Crispin was unsuccessful because their aims were to fight against the introductions of machines in factories. They saw that the machines would replace them. The machines were easy to operate and produced more shoes hence their strikes failed. Other unions succeeded like Railroad Brotherhoods due to better management, solidarity and worked in harmony. References Boark, J. L. et al. (2008). The American Promise: A Compact History. 4th Ed. Bedford: St. Martinâ €™s.

Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven

Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven Scream is a horror film that was released in 1996. Upon its release, it became an immediate box office. This movie contains some well-developed elements of a scary movie such as an evil character, murder, and sound effects. This essay will discuss how the director of the movie Scream used these three important elements to draw the attention of the viewers and keep their attention throughout the entire film.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scream a Horror Film by Wes Craven specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main element in any scary movie is the evil character, who is usually the reason behind the horrifying plot. In the movie Scream, the evil character is a man who is dressed in a long black robe and wears an elongated white mask over his face. He is very plain and simple which creates more suspense because no one knows who he is. This evil character calls his targeted victims over the phone. Many times, victims t hink someone is making a prank call. For example, the movie opens when Casey (Drew Barrymore) receives a call from an unidentified caller. As his voice is becoming more threatening, she starts to realize that he is not only talking to her on the phone, but he is also watching her. After he calls and harasses his targeted victims over the phone, he appears in the same house and chases down his victims until he is able to successfully murder them. No one knows the killers identity and it creates a sense of wonder. His deep, threatening voice helps to make his plain and simple costume even scarier for the viewers. All scary movies have to have the element of death. The murders committed in the movie made it one of the scariest movies of its time. After killing his teenage victims, he usually leaves their mutilated bodies in odd places or positions. For example, after killing Caseys boyfriend, the killer chases her into the yard. Her parents do not see her, so after the killer stabs her in the chest, he then hangs her dead body in the tree for her parents to see her. So, not only are the murders gruesome, they are also very disturbing. By chasing his victims, he creates suspense and excitement for the viewers. There were several sound effects throughout the movie, that created fear and suspense for the viewers. For example, the voice of the killer over the phone created a scary feeling; it was deep and mysterious, harsh and threatening. The use of music was also very well developed. It helped to excite the viewers and create a sense of fear.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, as the title indicates, Scream, throughout the entire film, victims scream for help, but no one comes. On the other hand, sometimes the victims cannot scream because of the way the killer stabs them. The inability to scream created an element of fear because this made the k iller powerful. This movie was very well-written, directed and executed for the horror audience. The director was able to grab the viewers attention and hold it throughout the entire film. He created a sense of fear which is what a successful horror film about. When the film ended, it was very clear that there would be a sequel soon. By using an undefined ending, the director was able to convince the viewers to come back and see the next part. Therefore, with these three main elements of a horror film, Scream was very successful.

Motivation in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivation in the workplace - Essay Example A way to ensure that governmental workers do their jobs correctly is by keeping them motivated. The person responsible to ensure that public servants are motivated is the manager. Managers have to use their people skills and leadership to motivate public workers. A lack of leadership by governmental leaders can lead to disastrous results for a public agency. It is important for managers to always keep the lines of communication open. Communication in the workplace can be enhanced by providing training and development. Active listening skills are also important. A way to motivate public workers is by empowering the staff. â€Å"Empowerment is the process of increasing the capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes† (Worldbank, 2011). Empowering the employees allows the workers to make more decisions on their own without a manager harassing them over every single detail or decision. A theory of motivation that can be used by the managers of public agencies to improve the motivation of the workers is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is composed of a pyramid of lower order and higher order needs. The five needs of Maslow’s hierarchy are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The physiological needs are the most basic of all human needs which include biological maintenance, need for food, water, and substance. To comply with these needs the manager of a governmental institution must provide the employees with a lunch hour and two fifteen minutes breaks, one in the morning and another in the afternoon. There should be a lunch room in the facility with a refrigerator and a water fountain. The safety need deals with the need for security, protection, and stability. This need can be met by the manager of a governmental entity by hiring a security guard to

Modern Culture in Western Europe and the US Essay

Modern Culture in Western Europe and the US - Essay Example The first argument is that like Germany, the U.S. insists on issuing driving licenses to teens more than 18 years of age. The U.S. has gone one step further by also requiring written consent from the teen’s parents before issuing not only a driver’s license but also a learner’s permit to teens (Smith: 10). This represents the strongest pro-teen driver argument that states, unlike other countries of the world, West European countries and the U.S. have strict driver licensing systems that contain severe training tests that must be fully and properly passed by teens before they get a driving license. The second argument concerns driver’s education programs in U.S. high schools (Haverstock) and the role of driving instructors (Smith: 9). This argument states that such school driver’s education programs give proper and sufficient training to teens in all matters related to driving, mainly traffic rules and the methods of operating, maintaining and even b riefly repairing motor vehicles. The knowledge got from the school driver’s education program is greatly strengthened when teens use the service of driving instructors. The instructors apply the ‘finishing touches’ to what has already been learned in school. The third argument is that, as compared to adults, teens rarely drive when drunk (Harrop). This argument raises the usual trend of teens not to drink and drive because drunk driving is easily the most common reason for road accidents. The argument further states that this good habit of teens is a clear indication that they are responsible members of society and our country who deserve to be allowed to drive. The fourth argument concerns the education level of teens. Teens are not illiterate morons but study in high schools and colleges where they are gaining a high level of knowledge as they are trained to be our country’s future. They are perfectly aware of the risks involved in rash driving and are r esponsible enough to decide for themselves if they are competent enough to drive.